Module 9 Workbook

Dirt or debris on the headlight lenses can significantly reduce their effectiveness by blocking and diffusing the light. This can lower visibility, making nighttime driving more dangerous. Regularly cleaning the headlights ensures they function properly and provide maximum illumination. In contrast, high or low beams affect the direction of light but do not reduce overall brightness.

Explanation:** Looking at the right edge of the roadway instead of directly at the oncoming headlights helps reduce the effects of glare. High beams should not be used as they can worsen glare for both the driver and others. Keeping eyes on the vehicle ahead may not prevent glare from affecting vision. Fog lights are not designed for reducing glare from other vehicles.

Reducing speed is the safest approach in heavy fog since visibility is significantly decreased. Stopping in a travel lane is extremely dangerous and increases the risk of a collision. While fog lights can help improve visibility, they should be used in conjunction with reduced speed, not as a sole measure. Looking for an exit may be advisable if conditions worsen, but it should be done cautiously.

Seat belts are the most effective safety measure to prevent severe injuries in a crash. While airbags provide additional protection, they work best when used in combination with seat belts. Seat belts restrain occupants and prevent them from being ejected from the vehicle. They also reduce impact forces on the body during a collision.

Side airbags are commonly built into the seats to provide better protection during a side-impact collision. Some vehicles also have curtain airbags located in the headliner to protect passengers' heads. Unlike steering wheel airbags, which are for frontal impacts, side airbags are specifically designed to reduce injuries from side collisions. They provide crucial safety enhancements, especially in crashes involving other vehicles or fixed objects.

Keeping hands on the lower half of the steering wheel (typically in the 9 and 3 o’clock positions) reduces the risk of injury from an airbag deployment. Sitting too close or leaning towards the airbag increases the risk of serious injuries when it deploys. Airbags are designed to inflate rapidly, so maintaining a safe distance and proper posture is essential for safety. Tilting the steering wheel away from the driver could reduce its effectiveness in a collision.

ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) helps prevent the wheels from locking up, allowing the driver to maintain steering control during emergency braking. This technology improves vehicle stability and reduces the chances of skidding. It does not increase vehicle speed or reduce brake effectiveness but rather enhances safety during sudden stops. Fuel efficiency is not directly affected by ABS functionality.

ABS works most effectively when the driver applies continuous, firm pressure to the brake pedal. Pumping the brakes is unnecessary because ABS automatically modulates brake pressure to prevent wheel lock-up. Applying the brakes with excessive force does not improve ABS functionality and may cause the vehicle to skid. Using steady pressure ensures optimal braking performance.

When ABS is activated, the brake pedal may pulsate as the system rapidly adjusts brake pressure to prevent wheel lock-up. This sensation is normal and indicates that ABS is functioning correctly. ABS does not cause a sudden loss of braking power but rather helps maintain control. While braking may feel different from traditional systems, it does not cause a delay in response time.

Drowsy driving impairs reaction time, decision-making, and overall awareness, increasing the likelihood of a crash. Alert and focused drivers can anticipate and respond to potential hazards effectively. Sudden steering movements and abrupt changes in speed can also increase crash risk but are usually the result of panic reactions rather than primary causes. Staying well-rested and attentive is essential for road safety.

If a vehicle drifts off the road, the driver should remain calm, gradually reduce speed, and carefully re-enter the road with both wheels at the same time to avoid overcorrection. Steering too sharply or braking suddenly can cause the vehicle to skid or lose control. Engaging the clutch abruptly does not improve stability and may lead to further complications. Maintaining a firm grip on the steering wheel is essential for safe maneuvering.

Safe driving practices help prevent accidents, protect drivers and passengers, and maintain order on the road. Reckless behaviors like speeding, running red lights, or testing a vehicle’s performance increase the likelihood of crashes. Following traffic laws and driving defensively contribute to a safer driving environment for everyone. Arriving safely is always more important than arriving quickly.